Language
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ambiguous
obscure; no definite meaning
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linguistics
the systemic study of language
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morphology
the study of words and their
structure
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phonology
study of sounds
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pragmatics
the branch of linguistics that
studies language use rather than language structure
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Semantics
the branch of linguistics that
studies the meaning of language
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Symbol
something used to represent or stand
for something else
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syntax
grammatical arrangement of words and
phrases
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Language is... (3 things)
1. systemic
2. conventional
3. ambiguous
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The phrase: "Language is
conventional" means:
language speakers use the language
systems in different ways depending on where they are from
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The phrase: "Language is
ambiguous" means...
the meaning of language changes
depending on the context
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The phrase: "Language is
systemic" means...
Several separate but interacting
systems work simultaneously to perform the function of language.
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True or False: Culture influences
how language is interpreted.
true
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What are the morphemes in the word:
"mailboxes"
mail/box/es
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colloquial
ordinary or familiar speech that is
appropriate for informal or casual settings
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idioms
fixed and often colorful expressions
whose meaning cannot be understood from the combined meanings of individual
words
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jargon
technical language
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When language conventions are
observed, which of the following can still cause difficulties in communication?
-context
-sentence structure
-ambiguous words
-levels of abstraction
ambiguous words
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formal language
the social standard
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formal language avoids... (3 things)
1. idioms
2. slang words
3. regional accent
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Formal language is usually found in
these settings:
1. business meetings
2. classrooms
3. published works
4. school papers
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slang
informal language characterized by
brevity, novelty, and exaggeration
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True or False: Slang is generally
used in formal language.
false
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technical language is also known as
jargon
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jargon is used in
occupational settings
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Which of the following is a fixed,
often colorful expression whose meaning is not tied to the meaning of its
individual words?
- colloquialism
- idiom
- slang
- jargon
idiom
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The following sentence is an example
of which type of language?
"Today, I was driving to school
and this guy like totally cut me off. I mean, what's up with that?"
-colloquial
-idiom
-slang
-jargon
slang
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Which of the following characterizes
standard language?
-used in formal settings
- used in casual settings
- marked by a regional accent
- follows prescribed grammatical
rules
- appears in published works
-used in formal settings
-follows prescribed grammatical
rules
-appears in published works
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Which language style would be most
appropriate for the given situation?
a mission briefing for NASA
astronauts
-formal language
-informal language
-technical language
technical language
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Which language style would be most
appropriate for the given situation?
a conversation with friends
-formal language
-informal language
-technical language
informal language
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abstract
not concrete; difficult to
understand
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connotation
implied meaning
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The four roles of language are:
define
evaluate
influence
reflect
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The second role of language,
"evaluate", means...
by defining something, we evaluate
to it a quality. Our description can have either a positive or negative
connotation.
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The third role of language,
"influence", means...
that the labels we attach to people
and the words we use to describe objects influence our perception of them, the
perception of others, and our behavior toward them.
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The fourth role of language,
"reflect", means...
that language also has the ability
to reflect attitudes and thoughts.
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equivocal language
language open to more than one
interpretation
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relative terms
terms that take on precise meaning when
compared to something else.
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Overly Abstract Language
language that can be too general or
broad to be understood clearly
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Disruptive Language
when people tend to confuse opinions
for facts because people speak in a factual manner instead of saying "I
think" or "I believe".
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Emotive Language
words that are emotionally charged
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Emotive language is also known as...
"fighting words"
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Evasive language
language that is purposely indirect
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Irresponsible language
language that conveys the unwillingness
of the speaker to take responsibility for his or her feelings, thoughts, and
behavior
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The seven problems of language are
called:
equivocal language, relative terms,
overly abstract language, disruptive language, emotive language, evasive
language, irresponsible language
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Which type of troublesome language
does the following statement represent?
"That car is the worst one on
the market. No one should buy it."
-equivocal
-relative
-emotive
-disruptive
disruptive
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Which type of troublesome language
does the following statement represent?
"He made me hit him."
-disruptive
-irresponsible
-evasive
-emotive
irresponsible
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True or False: Language that is not
based on fact cannot be damaging to other people or causes.
False
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How can you overcome troublesome
communication?
-stating opinions
-being truthful
-being kind
-seeking clarification
being truthful
being kind
seeking clarification
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I-language
using sentences that place more
emphasis on yourself, which is more appropriate and less likely to cause
offense.
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"You" Language
Phrases that place the focus of
attention and blame on other people
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